Preparation of Gold Target through Electron Vapor Deposition and 'Paras' the Rutherford Back Scattering Experimental setup @ IUAC

International Journal For Scientific Research & Development :: IJSRD

Author(s):

Sarvesh Kumar , Inter University Accelerator Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi.; Tulika Sharmay, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, (U. P.); Pranav Bhardwaj, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi; Avnee Chauhan, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, (U. P.); Shruti Kapoor, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, (U. P.)

Keywords:

Rutherford Back Scattering, Electron Vapor Deposition

Abstract:

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) is a widely used method for the surface layer analysis of solids. Lord Ernest Rutherford first used the backscattering of alpha particles from a gold film in 1911 to determine the fine structure of the atom, resulting in the discovery of the atomic nucleus. RBS includes all types of elastic ion scattering with incident ion energies in the range 500 keV ¬ several MeV. Usually protons, 4He, and sometimes lithium ions are used as projectiles at backscattering angles of typically 150¬ 170¦. Different angles or different projectiles are used in special cases. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy is employed to detect the impurity present in target material and to test the amount and type of impurity present in any target sample to be used in any experiment of atomic physics/ nuclear physics or of material science. The detection of these impurities before conduction of any experiment is essential as the presence of impurity in target sample may hamper the results of the experiments. Thus, although being a traditional concept the use of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy still prevails. One requires a target material to learn the working principle of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. INTER UNIVERSITY ACCELERATOR CENTER (IUAC) provides the facility for fabrication of the target and its analysis. This paper includes the fabrication of gold target of thickness 300mm and its analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.

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All Color Detector Sensor AR001

IJSRD : International Journal for Scientific Research & Development
Author(s):
Aditya Kumar , DIT University Dehradun; Vivek Kumar, DIT University Dehradun; Sandeep Sharma, DIT University Dehradun; Vimal Kant Pandey, DIT University Dehradun
Keywords:
Color Detector Sensor, Color sensing, AR001
Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to explore an approach of constructing a simple, low cost colour sensor using filter model which defines all colours as an additive combination of the primary colours Red, Green and Blue. The sensor consists of low pass filter surrounded by all color and light source. The low pass filter and the amplifier are mounted in such a way so that the color intensity from the source get absorbed by low pass filter and its passes through amplifier circuits. Therefore the voltage drop across the amplifier is varied whenever the light of different intensities from the low pass filter falls upon it. According to the voltage drop we decide the color identity because we know that every color has own intensity that why its produce specific voltage drop. The experimental results show that the variation of the color intensity gives the color identity.
Preview: 1.INTRODUCTION:
Color sensing is one of the important subjects of optical sensors. Color sensors have a variety of applications including detection of environmental, biological, and chemical parameters and in future its also use in robot as a eye. Color detectionbased chemical sensing is mostly implemented with particular emphasis on colorimetric sensors because many parameters, like pH, concentration, and chemical gases can cause direct or indirect color changes in biological and chemical species. Optical sensors usually have a non-linear relationship between the sensor’s response and the effect to be sensed or the measured. Due to the fact that optical sensors have highly sensitive and non-linear nature, an unexpected change in the measured may cause considerably changes and measurement errors in the sensor’s responses. Furthermore, it is expected that in modern sensor technology, a sensor has to adapt itself to the changing or unexpected conditions. In order to meet the expectations and to predict the sensor’s response more accurately, filter techniques become a useful tool for the design of intelligent color sensors.
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IJSRD: Conference : “NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ICT”

“NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ICT”

Transforming ICT to IoT

In association with

IJSRD– International Journal for Scientific Research & Development

SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research, affiliated to the Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad., is organizing 1-day event named “National Conference on ICT”  on 20th January 2016 in association with IJSRD.
The conference aims to provide an opportunity to teachers/mentors/ educators and students to acknowledge, celebrate and showcase research being carried out by students by enabling them to engage with the wider communities to exchange ideas and share intellectual activity through paper presentations sessions. The event shall feature research papers presentations by eminent educators and students from all over India in the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) & IoT (Internet of Things).

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Organised by

SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research Opp, Science city, Sola Bhadaj Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380060 Website : www.sal.edu.in

Publication Partner

International Journal  for Scientific Research & Development Website: ijsrd.com

Survey of Optimization of FFT processor for OFDM Receivers

IJSRD Found one good Research work on Computer Engineering

NCIL – 2015 :Student-driven Research for Inspired Learning" in Science and Technology: #IJSRD

NCIL – 2015 #IJSRD Publication Partner

National Conference on "Student-driven Research for Inspired Learning" in Science and Technology

Organised by ESRC and Dept of Electronics

Publication Partner International Journal for scientific research & Development (IJSRD)

Date: 16-17 October 2015

http://ncilindia.in/

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NCIL - 2015

Objective

We are pleased to announce the 2nd National Conference on “Student-driven Research for Inspired Learning” (NCIL 2015) in Science and Technology on 16 - 17 October 2015 being organized by Embedded Systems and Robotics Centre (ESRC) and Department of Electronics, Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi.

The primary objective of this conference is to provide a forum to share the wide and varied practices and initiatives of the student driven and institutionally-supported research at the undergraduate/ postgraduate level which leads to the combination of factors necessary for pedagogical effectiveness, enhanced learning outcomes, research productivity, promote networking and stimulate discussion.

The spot light of the conference shall vary widely from broad research to technical skills with focus on group research where students are exposed to open-ended problems, but in a more structured and less resource intensive way than one-on-one mentoring typical of research experience for undergraduate/ postgraduate programs.

Publication Partner

International Journal  for Scientific Research & Development Website: ijsrd.com

#IJSRD #Leading E-Journal #India

IJSRD: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

IJSRD  is a leading e-journal, under which we are encouraging and exploring newer ideas of current trends in Engineering and Science by publishing papers containing pure knowledge. The Journal is started with noble effort to help the researchers in their work and also to share knowledge and research ideas. All research interested scholars are given best opportunity to make world aware of their work. With precise and analytical narration of knowledge by our reviewers, our journal is providing implemental economy and latest global transposition to research. This monthly journal is mainly started to help researching peers belongs to Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Research students.We publish original and high quality papers. We aim to cover the latest outstanding development in the fields of Engineering and Technologies. All the published papers are submitted to the major indexing services for indexing.

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Emergent Artificial Intelligence

What happens when a computer can learn on the job?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is, in simple terms, the science of doing by computer the things that people can do. Over recent years, AI has advanced significantly: most of us now use smartphones that can recognize human speech, or have travelled through an airport immigration queue using image-recognition technology. Self-driving cars and automated flying drones are now in the testing stage before anticipated widespread use, while for certain learning and memory tasks, machines now outperform humans. Watson, an artificially intelligent computer system, beat the best human candidates at the quiz game Jeopardy.

Artificial intelligence, in contrast to normal hardware and software, enables a machine to perceive and respond to its changing environment. Emergent AI takes this a step further, with progress arising from machines that learn automatically by assimilating large volumes of information. An example is NELL, the Never-Ending Language Learning project from Carnegie Mellon University, a computer system that not only reads facts by crawling through hundreds of millions of web pages, but attempts to improve its reading and understanding competence in the process in order to perform better in the future.

Like next-generation robotics, improved AI will lead to significant productivity advances as machines take over – and even perform better – at certain tasks than humans. There is substantial evidence that self-driving cars will reduce collisions, and resulting deaths and injuries, from road transport, as machines avoid human errors, lapses in concentration and defects in sight, among other problems. Intelligent machines, having faster access to a much larger store of information, and able to respond without human emotional biases, might also perform better than medical professionals in diagnosing diseases. The Watson system is now being deployed in oncology to assist in diagnosis and personalized, evidence-based treatment options for cancer patients.

Long the stuff of dystopian sci-fi nightmares, AI clearly comes with risks – the most obvious being that super-intelligent machines might one day overcome and enslave humans. This risk, while still decades away, is taken increasingly seriously by experts, many of whom signed an open letter coordinated by the Future of Life Institute in January 2015 to direct the future of AI away from potential pitfalls. More prosaically, economic changes prompted by intelligent computers replacing human workers may exacerbate social inequalities and threaten existing jobs. For example, automated drones may replace most human delivery drivers, and self-driven short-hire vehicles could make taxis increasingly redundant.

On the other hand, emergent AI may make attributes that are still exclusively human – creativity, emotions, interpersonal relationships – more clearly valued. As machines grow in human intelligence, this technology will increasingly challenge our view of what it means to be human, as well as the risks and benefits posed by the rapidly closing gap between man and machine.

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